Coronary Artery Disease
Also known as: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Ischemic Heart Disease, or Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition caused by the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) in the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. This buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack or angina.
What are the symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease?
Chest pain or discomfort, often described as pressure, tightness, squeezing, or heaviness.
Pain or discomfort that may radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, arms (usually the left arm), back, or abdomen.
Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or exertion.
Fatigue.
Nausea.
Sweating.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
How is Coronary Artery Disease diagnosed?
Coronary Artery Disease is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities suggestive of angina.
Stress Test:
A stress test involves monitoring the heart's activity while the patient exercises or receives medication that mimics the effects of exercise. It helps evaluate how well the heart functions during physical activity.
Coronary Angiography:
This invasive procedure involves injecting contrast dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to visualise any blockages or narrowing.
Blood Tests:
Blood tests may be performed to check for elevated levels of certain enzymes that indicate heart muscle damage.
How is Coronary Artery Disease treated?
Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of heart attacks. Treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Such as adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
Medications:
Including statins to lower cholesterol, antiplatelet medications to prevent blood clots, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitroglycerin to relieve symptoms.
Angioplasty and Stenting:
In cases of severe blockages, angioplasty may be performed to open the blocked artery and place a stent to keep it open.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG):
This surgical procedure may be recommended for patients with severe CAD who are not candidates for angioplasty or stenting. It involves rerouting blood flow around blocked or narrowed arteries using grafts from other blood vessels.
Early detection and management of CAD are crucial for reducing the risk of complications and improving overall heart health. Individuals experiencing symptoms of CAD should seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Ensuring your heart's well-being is our utmost priority.
With our commitment to prompt care, we aim to see you within just two working days*.
*subject to cardiologist availability