Microvascular Angina
Also known as: Cardiac Syndrome X or Microvascular Dysfunction
Microvascular Angina, is a type of angina characterised by chest pain or discomfort caused by abnormalities in the small blood vessels (microvasculature) of the heart. Unlike traditional angina, which is typically associated with blockages in the major coronary arteries, microvascular angina affects the tiny blood vessels that branch off from the main arteries. These abnormalities can impair blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain or discomfort, even though the major coronary arteries may appear normal on diagnostic tests.
What are the symptoms of Microvascular Angina?
Chest pain or discomfort, often described as pressure, tightness, squeezing, or burning.
Pain or discomfort that may be triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or exposure to cold temperatures.
Discomfort that may last longer than traditional angina and may occur at rest.
Pain or discomfort that may not be relieved by nitroglycerin.
How is Microvascular Angina diagnosed?
Microvascular Angina is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities suggestive of angina.
Stress Test:
A stress test involves monitoring the heart's activity while the patient exercises or receives medication that mimics the effects of exercise. It helps evaluate how well the heart functions during physical activity.
Coronary Angiography:
This invasive procedure involves injecting contrast dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to visualise any blockages or narrowing.
Blood Tests:
Blood tests may be performed to check for elevated levels of certain enzymes that indicate heart muscle damage.
How is Microvascular Angina treated?
Treatment for Microvascular Angina aims to relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Including adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
Medications:
Such as calcium channel blockers, nitrates, beta-blockers, or ranolazine to help relax blood vessels, reduce chest pain, and improve blood flow to the heart.
Angina Management Techniques:
Such as stress reduction techniques, relaxation therapy, and pacing activities to avoid triggering chest pain.
Cardiac Rehabilitation:
A structured program of exercise, education, and support to improve heart health and overall well-being.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of Microvascular Angina are essential for improving symptoms and reducing the risk of complications. Individuals experiencing symptoms of Microvascular Angina should seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Keeping your heart healthy is our utmost priority.
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*subject to cardiologist availability