Heart Failure

Cardiology
Written By Phoebe Baker

Also known as: Congestive Heart Failure

Heart failure, occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. It is a chronic condition that progressively worsens over time. Heart failure can affect the heart's ability to fill with blood (diastolic heart failure) or its ability to pump blood effectively (systolic heart failure), or both.

What are the symptoms of Heart Failure?

Symptoms of heart failure can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause, but common symptoms may include:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying down.

  • Fatigue and weakness.

  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema).

  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations).

  • Persistent cough or wheezing, especially when lying down.

  • Reduced ability to exercise.

  • Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention.

  • Loss of appetite or nausea.

  • Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness.

 

How is Heart Failure diagnosed?

Diagnosing heart failure typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:

Medical History:

A detailed history of symptoms, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors can provide valuable information.

Physical Examination:

Examination of the heart, lungs, and extremities can reveal signs of fluid retention, abnormal heart sounds, or other indicators of heart failure.

Diagnostic Tests:

Common tests used to diagnose heart failure may include echocardiogram (to assess heart function and structure), electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray (to check for signs of fluid buildup), blood tests (to evaluate kidney and liver function, as well as assess for biomarkers indicating heart failure), and other specialised tests as needed.

 

How is Heart Failure treated?

Treatment for heart failure aims to improve symptoms, slow disease progression, and enhance quality of life. Treatment options may include:

Lifestyle Modifications:

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including following a low-sodium diet, limiting fluid intake, quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and managing stress, can help manage symptoms and improve heart health.

Medications:

Depending on the type and severity of heart failure, medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone antagonists, or inotropic agents may be prescribed to manage symptoms and improve heart function.

Devices:

In some cases, devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) devices, or left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) may be recommended to help regulate heart rhythm or improve pumping function.

Surgical Procedures:

In advanced cases or when other treatments are ineffective, procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or heart valve repair or replacement surgery may be necessary.

Early detection and proactive management of heart failure are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life. Regular medical follow-up and adherence to treatment plans are crucial for individuals living with heart failure.

 

Keeping your heart healthy is our utmost priority.

With our commitment to prompt care, we aim to see you within just two working days*.

*subject to cardiologist availability

Phoebe Baker
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