Syncope
Also known as: Fainting
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness and muscle tone caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the brain. Syncope can occur due to various factors, including changes in blood pressure, heart rhythm abnormalities, dehydration, vasovagal response (a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure in response to triggers like fear or pain), and underlying medical conditions.
What are the symptoms of Syncope?
The primary symptom of Syncope is a sudden loss of consciousness, which is typically brief and resolves spontaneously. Before fainting, individuals may experience warning signs or symptoms such as:
Lightheadedness.
Dizziness.
Nausea.
Sweating.
Blurred vision.
Palpitations (awareness of irregular or rapid heartbeats).
Feeling of warmth or flushing.
Tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision).
Yawning.
How is Syncope diagnosed?
Syncope is diagnosed through a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Healthcare providers may perform the following assessments to determine the underlying cause of Syncope:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and may detect abnormalities in heart rhythm or conduction.
Holter Monitor or Event Monitor:
These portable devices record heart rhythm continuously or intermittently over a period to capture any abnormal heart rhythms that may cause Syncope.
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart and may detect structural abnormalities or conditions that increase the risk of Syncope.
Tilt Table Test:
This specialised test assesses cardiovascular responses to changes in body position and may help diagnose vasovagal Syncope or autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
How is Syncope treated?
Treatment for Syncope depends on the underlying cause and may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Such as avoiding triggers that provoke Syncope, staying hydrated, maintaining adequate salt intake, and avoiding prolonged standing or hot environments.
Medications:
Including medications to regulate heart rhythm, increase blood volume, or improve blood circulation.
Pacemaker implantation:
For individuals with Syncope due to heart rhythm abnormalities such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block.
Education and safety measures:
Educating individuals about recognising warning signs of Syncope, adopting strategies to prevent injury during fainting episodes (such as lying down or sitting with legs elevated), and seeking medical attention promptly if Syncope occurs frequently or is associated with concerning symptoms.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of Syncope are crucial for preventing injury and identifying and treating underlying medical conditions that may increase the risk of fainting episodes. Individuals experiencing recurrent or unexplained Syncope should seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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