High Cholesterol
Also known as: Hypercholesterolemia
High Cholesterol, is a condition characterised by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood and is essential for various bodily functions. However, when cholesterol levels are too high, it can accumulate in the walls of arteries, forming plaque and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
What are the symptoms of High Cholesterol?
High Cholesterol typically does not cause noticeable symptoms on its own. Most people discover they have high cholesterol through routine blood tests. However, extremely high levels of cholesterol may lead to visible signs such as:
Yellowish deposits of cholesterol around the eyes (xanthomas).
Yellowish patches on the skin (xanthelasma).
Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (indicating gallstones).
White-colored deposits of cholesterol around the cornea (corneal arcus).
How is High Cholesterol diagnosed?
High Cholesterol is diagnosed through a simple blood test called a lipid panel or lipid profile. This test measures various types of cholesterol, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (often referred to as "good" cholesterol), and triglycerides. A diagnosis of high cholesterol is typically made when total cholesterol levels exceed 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and/or LDL cholesterol levels exceed 130 mg/dL.
How is High Cholesterol treated?
Treatment for High Cholesterol aims to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Such as adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, increasing physical activity, losing weight if overweight or obese, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption.
Medications:
Including statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and fibrates to help lower cholesterol levels.
Monitoring and follow-up:
Regular monitoring of cholesterol levels and follow-up appointments with healthcare providers to assess treatment effectiveness, adjust medications as needed, and monitor for potential side effects.
Early detection and management of High Cholesterol are essential for preventing cardiovascular diseases and maintaining overall health. Individuals with risk factors for high cholesterol, such as a family history of heart disease, obesity, or an unhealthy diet, should undergo regular cholesterol screenings and consult with healthcare providers for proper diagnosis and management.
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