Ventricular Septal Defect
Also known as: VSD
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a common congenital heart defect characterised by an abnormal opening in the septum (wall) between the two lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. This opening allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to flow back into the right ventricle, leading to various complications.
What are the symptoms of Ventricular Septal Defect?
The symptoms of VSD can vary depending on the size of the defect and other factors. Small VSDs may not cause any symptoms and may only be detected during a routine medical examination. However, larger defects or those associated with other heart abnormalities may cause symptoms such as:
Heart murmur: A whooshing sound heard during a heartbeat examination, caused by turbulent blood flow through the defect.
Shortness of breath, especially during feeding or physical activity.
Poor weight gain or failure to thrive, particularly in infants.
Fatigue or weakness.
Rapid breathing or rapid heart rate.
Sweating, especially during feeding.
How is Ventricular Septal Defect diagnosed?
Diagnosis of VSD typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:
Echocardiogram:
This non-invasive ultrasound test uses sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to visualise the structure and function of the heart chambers and identify the presence and characteristics of the VSD.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and may reveal abnormal heart rhythms or patterns associated with VSD.
Chest X-ray:
A chest X-ray may show enlargement of the heart or increased blood flow to the lungs, which can be indicative of VSD.
Cardiac Catheterisation:
In some cases, a cardiac catheterisation procedure may be performed to obtain more detailed information about the defect and assess its severity.
How is Ventricular Septal Defect treated?
Treatment for VSD depends on various factors, including the size and location of the defect, the presence of symptoms, and the individual's overall health. Options may include:
Observation:
Small VSDs that are not causing significant symptoms or complications may be monitored over time without immediate intervention.
Medications:
Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.
Surgical Repair:
For larger or symptomatic VSDs, surgical repair may be necessary to close the defect. This typically involves open-heart surgery to patch or sew closed the abnormal opening in the ventricular septum.
Early detection and appropriate management of VSD are important for preventing complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or infective endocarditis. Individuals with VSD should work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate treatment approach based on their individual needs and risk factors.
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