Arrhythmias
Also known as: Irregular Heartbeats or Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that can occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeats don't function properly. This can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. Arrhythmias can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to various symptoms and complications.
What are the symptoms of Arrhythmias?
The symptoms of arrhythmias can vary depending on the type and severity of the abnormal heart rhythm. Common symptoms may include:
Palpitations: Sensations of a rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fainting or near-fainting spells (syncope).
Chest pain or discomfort.
Shortness of breath.
Fatigue or weakness.
Sweating.
Anxiety or panic.
Some arrhythmias may not cause any noticeable symptoms and may only be detected during a routine medical examination or diagnostic testing.
How are Arrhythmias diagnosed?
Diagnosis of arrhythmias typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:
Echocardiogram:
This non-invasive ultrasound test uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function, helping healthcare providers assess the heart's pumping ability and identify any structural abnormalities that may contribute to arrhythmias.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG):
This non-invasive test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormal heart rhythms.
Holter Monitor:
This portable device records the heart's electrical activity over a period of 24 to 48 hours, allowing healthcare providers to capture intermittent or sporadic arrhythmias.
Event Monitor:
Similar to a Holter monitor, an event monitor is a portable device that records the heart's electrical activity over a longer period, typically up to 30 days. It is used to capture infrequent arrhythmias.
Electrophysiology Study (EPS):
In some cases, an EPS may be performed to evaluate the heart's electrical system and identify the source of arrhythmias. During an EPS, catheters are inserted into the heart to measure electrical signals and induce abnormal rhythms for diagnosis and treatment planning.
How are Arrhythmias treated?
Treatment for arrhythmias depends on the type and severity of the abnormal heart rhythm, as well as the individual's overall health and symptoms. Treatment options may include:
Medications:
Antiarrhythmic medications may be prescribed to control or stabilise heart rhythm.
Cardioversion:
This procedure involves delivering a controlled electric shock to the heart to restore normal heart rhythm in cases of certain arrhythmias.
Catheter Ablation:
During this minimally invasive procedure, catheters are used to deliver energy (such as radiofrequency or cryotherapy) to destroy areas of abnormal heart tissue that are causing arrhythmias.
Implantable Devices:
Devices such as pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may be implanted surgically to regulate heart rhythm or deliver electric shocks to the heart to treat life-threatening arrhythmias.
Lifestyle Modifications:
Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress can help reduce the risk of arrhythmias and improve overall heart health.
Avoiding Triggers:
Identifying and avoiding triggers such as caffeine, alcohol, certain medications, and emotional stressors can help prevent arrhythmias in some individuals.
Early detection and appropriate management of arrhythmias are essential for reducing the risk of complications such as stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest. Individuals with arrhythmias should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a personalised treatment plan based on their specific needs and risk factors.
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