Atrial Fibrillation
Also known as: AFib, AF, Arrhythmia or Irregular Heartbeat
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of irregular heart rhythm, characterised by rapid and irregular electrical impulses originating in the heart's upper chambers (atria). In AF, the atria quiver instead of contracting effectively, leading to an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. AF increases the risk of complications such as stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications.
What are the symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation?
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation may vary among individuals and can include:
Palpitations (awareness of rapid or irregular heartbeat).
Fatigue or weakness.
Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion or lying flat.
Chest discomfort or pain.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fainting (syncope) or near-fainting episodes.
Reduced exercise tolerance.
Anxiety or feelings of impending doom.
How is Atrial Fibrillation diagnosed?
Diagnosing atrial fibrillation involves a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of AF and assess for underlying causes and associated complications. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify characteristic patterns indicative of atrial fibrillation.
Holter Monitor or Event Monitor:
These portable devices record heart rhythm continuously or intermittently over a period to capture any transient or intermittent episodes of AF.
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart, assessing for structural abnormalities or underlying heart disease that may predispose to AF.
Blood Tests:
To assess for underlying medical conditions such as thyroid dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances that may contribute to AF.
How is Atrial Fibrillation treated?
Treatment for atrial fibrillation aims to control symptoms, restore normal heart rhythm, and reduce the risk of complications such as stroke or heart failure. Treatment options may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Such as managing underlying risk factors (such as high blood pressure, obesity, or sleep apnea), reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and adopting a heart-healthy diet and exercise regimen.
Medications:
Including antiarrhythmic drugs to restore and maintain normal heart rhythm, anticoagulant medications to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke, and rate-controlling medications to control heart rate.
Cardioversion
Including antiarrhythmic drugs to restore and maintain normal heart rhythm, anticoagulant medications to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke, and rate-controlling medications to control heart rate.
Catheter Ablation:
This minimally invasive procedure uses radiofrequency energy or cryotherapy to destroy abnormal heart tissue responsible for triggering AF.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of atrial fibrillation are essential for reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes in affected individuals. Individuals with symptoms suggestive of AF should seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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