Cardiomyopathy
Also known as: Heart Muscle Disease, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy,
Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, leading to abnormal heart function. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. This can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Cardiomyopathy can be inherited or acquired and may be classified into various types, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
What are the symptoms of Cardiomyopathy?
Symptoms of cardiomyopathy may vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. Common symptoms may include:
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying flat.
Fatigue or weakness.
Swelling of the ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen (edema).
Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias).
Chest pain or discomfort.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fainting spells (syncope).
How is Cardiomyopathy diagnosed?
Diagnosing cardiomyopathy typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, and cardiac evaluations to assess heart function and structure. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the size, shape, and function of the heart chambers and can detect abnormalities such as chamber enlargement, decreased heart function, or valve dysfunction.
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify any abnormal heart rhythms or signs of heart muscle strain.
Cardiac MRI or CT scan:
These imaging tests provide detailed images of the heart muscle and can help identify structural abnormalities or areas of reduced blood flow.
Cardiac Catheterisation:
Invasive testing may be performed to measure pressure within the heart chambers and assess blood flow through the coronary arteries and heart valves.
How is Cardiomyopathy treated?
Treatment for cardiomyopathy aims to manage symptoms, improve heart function, and prevent complications. Treatment options may include:
Medications
Prescription medications to manage symptoms, control blood pressure, regulate heart rhythm, and reduce the workload on the heart, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and antiarrhythmics.
Lifestyle Modifications
Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol intake.
Medical devices:
In some cases, implantable devices such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) devices may be recommended to regulate heart rhythm or improve pumping function.
Surgical procedures:
In severe cases, heart transplant surgery may be considered for patients with advanced heart failure who do not respond to other treatments.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of cardiomyopathy are essential for optimising outcomes and improving quality of life. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of cardiomyopathy should seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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