Myocarditis
Also known as: Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy or Inflammatory Heart Disease
Myocarditis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular layer of the heart. This inflammation can weaken the heart muscle, affecting its ability to pump blood efficiently. Myocarditis can be acute, developing suddenly and lasting for a short period, or chronic, persisting over an extended period.
What are the symptoms of Myocarditis?
Symptoms of myocarditis can vary widely and may mimic those of other heart conditions. Common symptoms may include:
Chest pain or discomfort.
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion.
Fatigue or weakness.
Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet (edema).
Palpitations or rapid heartbeat.
Fever.
Flu-like symptoms such as body aches and fatigue.
Dizziness or fainting.
How is Myocarditis diagnosed?
Diagnosing myocarditis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and cardiac evaluations. Diagnostic tests may include:
Blood tests:
These may be used to assess markers of inflammation and infection, as well as cardiac enzymes that indicate heart muscle damage.
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the heart's electrical activity and can detect abnormal heart rhythms or signs of myocardial ischemia.
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test provides images of the heart and can reveal abnormalities in heart size, shape, and function.
Cardiac MRI:
This imaging test can provide detailed images of the heart and detect areas of inflammation or scarring in the myocardium.
Endomyocardial Biopsy:
In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a small tissue sample from the heart for further evaluation under a microscope.
How is Myocarditis treated?
Treatment for myocarditis depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and complications. In mild cases, rest and over-the-counter pain relievers may be sufficient. However, more severe cases may require hospitalisation and treatment with medications such as:
Anti-inflammatory drugs:
Corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation in the myocardium.
Immunosuppressants:
In cases where myocarditis is caused by an autoimmune reaction, medications that suppress the immune system may be used to prevent further damage to the heart.
Antiviral medications:
If myocarditis is caused by a viral infection, antiviral drugs may be prescribed to target the virus.
Heart failure medications:
Medications to manage symptoms of heart failure, such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics, may be prescribed to improve heart function and reduce fluid buildup.
Supportive care:
In severe cases, advanced treatments such as mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation may be necessary for patients with significant heart damage or failure.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for managing myocarditis and preventing complications such as heart failure or arrhythmias. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of myocarditis should seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Keeping your heart healthy is our utmost priority.
With our commitment to prompt care, we aim to see you within just two working days*.
*subject to cardiologist availability
