Tricuspid Valve Disease
Also known as: Tricuspid Regurgitation or Tricuspid Stenosis
Tricuspid Valve Disease refers to a group of conditions affecting the tricuspid valve, one of the four valves in the heart that regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. Tricuspid valve disease can manifest as either stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the valve.
Tricuspid stenosis occurs when the valve opening narrows, obstructing blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle, while tricuspid regurgitation occurs when the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the right atrium during ventricular contraction. Tricuspid valve disease can impair heart function and circulation, leading to symptoms and complications if left untreated.
What are the symptoms of Tricuspid Valve Disease?
Symptoms of tricuspid valve disease may vary depending on the severity and type of valve dysfunction. Common symptoms may include:
Fatigue or weakness.
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying flat.
Swelling of the ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema).
Abdominal discomfort or bloating, especially in the upper right side.
Loss of appetite or nausea.
Palpitations (awareness of irregular heartbeat).
Enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly).
How is Tricuspid Valve Disease diagnosed?
Diagnosing tricuspid valve disease typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, and cardiac evaluations to assess valve function and severity of disease. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart, including the tricuspid valve, and can detect abnormalities such as valve stenosis, regurgitation, or prolapse.
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify any abnormal heart rhythms or signs of heart muscle strain.
Chest X-ray:
This imaging test can assess the size and shape of the heart and detect any signs of heart enlargement or fluid buildup in the lungs.
Cardiac Catheterisation:
Invasive testing may be performed to measure pressure within the heart chambers and assess blood flow through the coronary arteries and heart valves.
How is Tricuspid Valve Disease treated?
Treatment for tricuspid valve disease aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall heart function. Treatment options may include:
Medications
Prescription medications to manage symptoms, control fluid retention, and regulate heart rhythm, including diuretics, vasodilators, and antiarrhythmics.
Valve Repair or Replacement:
Surgical procedures may be recommended to repair or replace the diseased tricuspid valve, depending on the severity of valve dysfunction and individual patient factors. Surgical options include traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as transcatheter tricuspid valve repair or replacement.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of tricuspid valve disease are essential for optimising outcomes and improving quality of life. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of tricuspid valve disease should seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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