Supraventricular Tachycardia
Also known as: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) or SVT
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterised by a rapid heart rate originating above the heart's ventricles. In SVT, the heart's electrical signals are disrupted, leading to episodes of fast and often irregular heartbeats. SVT can occur suddenly and may resolve spontaneously or require medical intervention to restore normal heart rhythm. While SVT episodes are typically not life-threatening, they can cause significant discomfort and may lead to complications in some cases.
What are the symptoms of Supraventricular Tachycardia?
Symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia may include:
Palpitations (awareness of rapid or irregular heartbeat).
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), often exceeding 150 beats per minute.
Chest discomfort or pain.
Shortness of breath.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fainting (syncope) or near-fainting episodes.
Anxiety or feelings of impending doom.
Fatigue or weakness.
How is Supraventricular Tachycardia diagnosed?
Diagnosing supraventricular tachycardia involves a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of SVT and identify potential underlying causes or associated conditions. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify characteristic patterns indicative of supraventricular tachycardia during episodes.
Holter Monitor or Event Monitor:
These portable devices record heart rhythm continuously or intermittently over a period to capture any transient or intermittent episodes of SVT.
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart, assessing for structural abnormalities or underlying heart disease that may predispose to SVT.
Blood Tests:
To assess for underlying medical conditions such as thyroid dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances that may contribute to SVT.
How is Supraventricular Tachycardia treated?
Treatment for supraventricular tachycardia aims to control symptoms, restore normal heart rhythm, and reduce the frequency and severity of SVT episodes. Treatment options may include:
Vagal Manoeuvres:
Techniques such as bearing down (Valsalva manoeuvre), coughing, or immersing the face in cold water may help terminate SVT episodes in some cases.
Medications:
Including antiarrhythmic drugs to restore and maintain normal heart rhythm, beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to slow the heart rate, and medications to prevent recurrent SVT episodes.
Cardioversion
Procedures such as electrical cardioversion or pharmacological cardioversion may be used to restore normal heart rhythm in cases of persistent or recurrent SVT.
Catheter Ablation:
This minimally invasive procedure uses radiofrequency energy to destroy abnormal heart tissue responsible for triggering SVT, reducing the risk of recurrent episodes.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of supraventricular tachycardia are essential for reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in affected individuals. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of SVT should seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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