Aortic Aneurysm

Also known as: Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

An Aortic Aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by a bulge or ballooning of the aortic wall, the main blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Aortic aneurysms can occur in different segments of the aorta, including the ascending aorta, aortic arch, or descending aorta. They can be classified based on their location and shape, such as thoracic aortic aneurysms (occurring in the chest) or abdominal aortic aneurysms (occurring in the abdomen). Aortic aneurysms pose a risk of rupture, which can lead to severe internal bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.

What are the symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm?

Aortic aneurysms often develop slowly over time and may not cause symptoms until they reach a large size or rupture. Symptoms, if present, may include:

• Deep, constant, or throbbing pain in the chest, abdomen, or back.

• Tenderness or pulsation in the abdomen.

• Shortness of breath.

• Difficulty swallowing.

• Hoarseness.

• Persistent coughing.

• Symptoms of shock (such as rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting) if the aneurysm ruptures.

How is Aortic Aneurysm diagnosed?

Diagnosing an aortic aneurysm typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, and diagnostic procedures to assess the size, location, and severity of the aneurysm. Diagnostic assessments may include:

Imaging tests:

Such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or angiography to visualise the structure and dimensions of the aorta and detect any abnormalities indicative of an aneurysm.

Echocardiogram:

This ultrasound test evaluates the heart and nearby blood vessels and can sometimes detect aortic aneurysms, especially if located near the heart.

How is Aortic Aneurysm treated?

Treatment for aortic aneurysms aims to prevent rupture, manage symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment options may include:

Surveillance

Regular monitoring of the aneurysm size and growth rate through imaging tests to assess the need for intervention.

Medications

Prescription medications to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, or reduce the risk of blood clot formation.

Surgery:

Surgical procedures may be recommended to repair or replace the weakened portion of the aorta and prevent rupture. Surgical options include open repair or endovascular repair using stent grafts inserted through minimally invasive techniques.

Lifestyle modifications:

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and managing underlying medical conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, to reduce the risk of aneurysm progression and complications.

Early detection and appropriate management of aortic aneurysms are crucial for preventing rupture and improving outcomes. Individuals at risk or experiencing symptoms suggestive of an aortic aneurysm should seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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