Aortic Valve Disease
Also known as: Aortic Stenosis or Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic Valve Disease refers to a group of conditions affecting the aortic valve, one of the four valves in the heart that regulates blood flow from the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) to the aorta (the body's main artery).
Aortic valve disease can manifest as either stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the valve. Stenosis occurs when the valve opening narrows, obstructing blood flow from the heart, while regurgitation occurs when the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the heart chamber. Aortic valve disease can impair heart function and circulation, leading to symptoms and complications if left untreated.
What are the symptoms of Aortic Valve Disease?
Symptoms of aortic valve disease may vary depending on the severity and type of valve dysfunction. Common symptoms may include:
Palpitations (awareness of irregular heartbeat).
Heart murmur, often detected during a physical examination.
Swelling of the ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema).
How is Aortic Valve Disease diagnosed?
Diagnosing aortic valve disease typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, and cardiac evaluations to assess valve function and severity of disease. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart, including the aortic valve, and can detect abnormalities such as valve stenosis, regurgitation, or calcification.
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify any abnormal heart rhythms or signs of heart muscle strain.
Chest X-ray:
This imaging test can assess the size and shape of the heart and detect any signs of heart enlargement or fluid buildup in the lungs.
Cardiac Catheterisation:
Invasive testing may be performed to measure pressure within the heart chambers and assess blood flow through the coronary arteries and aorta.
How is Aortic Valve Disease treated?
Treatment for aortic valve disease aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall heart function. Treatment options may include:
Medications
Prescription medications to manage symptoms, control blood pressure, and prevent blood clots, including diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and anticoagulants.
Valve Repair or Replacement:
Surgical procedures may be recommended to repair or replace the diseased aortic valve, depending on the severity of valve dysfunction and individual patient factors. Surgical options include traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of aortic valve disease are essential for optimising outcomes and improving quality of life. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of aortic valve disease should seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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