Ventricular Tachycardia
Also known as: Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia or Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterised by a rapid and potentially life-threatening heartbeat originating from the heart's lower chambers (ventricles). In VT, the electrical signals controlling heart rhythm become disorganised, leading to excessively fast and often irregular heartbeats. VT can disrupt normal blood flow and compromise the heart's ability to pump effectively, potentially leading to serious complications, including cardiac arrest, if not promptly treated.
What are the symptoms of Ventricular Tachycardia?
Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia may include:
Palpitations (awareness of rapid or irregular heartbeat).
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), often exceeding 100 beats per minute.
Chest discomfort or pain.
Shortness of breath.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Fainting (syncope) or near-fainting episodes.
Weakness or fatigue.
Sweating.
How is Ventricular Tachycardia diagnosed?
Diagnosing ventricular tachycardia involves a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of VT and identify potential underlying causes or associated conditions. Diagnostic assessments may include:
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG):
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify characteristic patterns indicative of ventricular tachycardia, such as wide QRS complexes and a rapid heart rate.
Holter Monitor or Event Monitor:
These portable devices record heart rhythm continuously or intermittently over a period to capture any transient or intermittent episodes of VT.
Echocardiogram:
This ultrasound test evaluates the structure and function of the heart, assessing for structural abnormalities or underlying heart disease that may predispose to VT.
Electrophysiology Study (EPS):
Invasive testing may be performed to assess the heart's electrical system and identify specific areas responsible for triggering VT.
How is Ventricular Tachycardia treated?
Treatment for ventricular tachycardia aims to terminate the arrhythmia, stabilise heart rhythm, and prevent recurrence of VT episodes. Treatment options may include:
Antiarrhythmic Medications:
Drugs such as amiodarone, lidocaine, or procainamide may be used to suppress ventricular tachycardia and restore normal heart rhythm.
Cardioversion:
Procedures such as electrical cardioversion or pharmacological cardioversion may be used to restore normal heart rhythm in cases of persistent or recurrent VT.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD):
This device is implanted surgically and continuously monitors heart rhythm, delivering electrical shocks to terminate life-threatening arrhythmias such as VT.
Catheter Ablation:
This minimally invasive procedure uses radiofrequency energy to destroy abnormal heart tissue responsible for triggering VT, reducing the risk of recurrent episodes.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of ventricular tachycardia are essential for reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes in affected individuals. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of VT should seek immediate medical attention for prompt evaluation and treatment.
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